The 3-legged buffalo coin is one of the most iconic and sought-after mint errors in American numismatics. Officially known as the 1937-D 3-Legged Buffalo Nickel, this rare coin has intrigued collectors for decades due to its unique minting mistake, historical significance, and increasing market value.
In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore the origin of the coin, how the error occurred, how to authenticate it, current values, and tips for collectors looking to own a piece of this numismatic legend.
What Is the 3-Legged Buffalo Nickel?
The 3-legged buffalo nickel is a mint error version of the 1937-D Buffalo Nickel, produced at the Denver Mint. On this variety, the front right leg of the American bison (buffalo) is missing from the reverse side of the coin. The result is a three-legged buffalo that appears anatomically strange but instantly recognizable to experienced collectors.
How Did the Error Happen?
The missing leg was not due to a mechanical issue or a die crack—it was the result of over-polishing a coin die. In an effort to remove clash marks (damage caused when coin dies strike each other without a planchet between them), a mint worker aggressively ground down the reverse die. Unfortunately, this polishing went too far and erased the front leg of the buffalo almost completely.
The result was a classic mint error that made its way into circulation before it was detected.
Identifying a Genuine 3-Legged Buffalo Coin
There are many counterfeits and altered coins in the market, so authenticating a real 3-legged buffalo nickel is critical. Here’s what to look for:
Key Identification Features:
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Date and Mint Mark: Only 1937 with a “D” mintmark (for Denver).
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Missing Front Right Leg: The front right leg is entirely gone, but the hoof remains faintly visible.
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Leg Positioning: The rear legs show signs of doubling and heavy polishing.
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Mound Under Buffalo: A strong ground line or mound appears beneath the buffalo’s hooves.
Authentication Tip:
For investment-grade purchases, always buy coins that are certified by reputable grading services such as PCGS or NGC. Their sealed holders will confirm authenticity and protect your investment.
Why Is the 3-Legged Buffalo Nickel So Valuable?
The 3-legged buffalo coin holds significant value due to its combination of rarity, demand, and historical context. Here's why collectors covet it:
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Accidental Rarity: Mint error coins like this are scarce by nature.
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Pop Culture Appeal: Its “3-legged” appearance is both intriguing and memorable.
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Strong Demand: Even beginner collectors often learn about this variety early on, boosting interest.
Current Market Value of the 3-Legged Buffalo Nickel
Prices vary based on condition and certification. Here’s a general estimate of market values as of 2025:
| Grade | Approximate Value |
|---|---|
| G-4 (Good) | $500 – $800 |
| VG-8 to F-12 | $800 – $1,200 |
| VF-20 to XF-40 | $1,500 – $3,500 |
| AU-50 to AU-58 | $4,000 – $6,500 |
| MS-60+ (Uncirculated) | $8,000 – $20,000+ |
Note: Coins with exceptional eye appeal, original luster, and high grades can command significantly higher prices at auctions.
Tips for Collectors Interested in the 3-Legged Buffalo Coin
1. Buy From Trusted Dealers
Purchase from reputable numismatic dealers who guarantee authenticity and offer certified coins.
2. Avoid Cleaned or Damaged Coins
Coins that have been cleaned or damaged lose significant value. Always inspect or ask for clear images before purchase.
3. Study Grading Guidelines
Understanding how grading affects value will help you make informed buying decisions.
4. Watch for Counterfeits
If the deal seems too good to be true, it probably is. Counterfeits are common, especially online.
5. Store Properly
Use airtight holders or slabs and avoid excessive handling to preserve your coin’s condition.
History of the Buffalo Nickel Series
The Buffalo Nickel (also known as the Indian Head Nickel) was minted from 1913 to 1938 and designed by James Earle Fraser. It features a Native American profile on the obverse and a buffalo on the reverse, symbolizing America's frontier heritage.
The 1937-D 3-legged variety represents one of the final—and most famous—chapters in the series’ history.
Is the 3-Legged Buffalo Coin a Good Investment?
Yes—especially for collectors interested in rare error coins or classic U.S. coinage. Over the past few decades, the value of the 3-legged buffalo nickel has continued to appreciate. While the market may fluctuate, this iconic error coin remains a stable investment piece for serious numismatists.
Final Thoughts: Add This Legendary Coin to Your Collection
The 1937-D 3-legged buffalo nickel is a true gem in American coin collecting. Its bizarre appearance, rare origin, and rich history make it a standout piece in any collection.
Whether you’re a seasoned collector or a beginner learning the ropes, adding this iconic mint error to your portfolio is both a wise investment and a fascinating conversation starter.
